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Diagnostic Utilities

ping is used to test a network connection.
Ping sends diagnostic packets to a remote host,
it uses ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol).
felix@lucas> ping server
PING linux.mantik.de (192.168.1.1) from 192.168.1.80 : 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from linux.mantik.de (192.168.1.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=1.51 ms
64 bytes from linux.mantik.de (192.168.1.1): icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.138 ms
64 bytes from linux.mantik.de (192.168.1.1): icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.129 ms

--- linux.mantik.de ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% loss, time 2008ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.129/0.595/1.519/0.653 ms
felix@lucas> 


>ping metalab.unc.edu

PING metalab.unc.edu (152.19.254.81) 
from 192.168.3.9 : 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=0 ttl=238 time=1059.1 ms
64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=1 ttl=238 time=764.9 ms
64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=2 ttl=238 time=858.8 ms
64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=3 ttl=238 time=1179.9 ms
64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=4 ttl=238 time=986.6 ms
64 bytes from 152.19.254.81: icmp_seq=5 ttl=238 time=1274.3 ms

traceroute: Utility to identify where a packet has been,
to detect the routing path.

tcpdump: watches a particular interface for all the traffic that passes.