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Hard Drives and Partitions
Every drive (or CD-ROM, DVD, etc) corresponds to
a device.
Device files are in /dev.
IDE drives are named: hda, hdb, hdc, ...
SCSI drives are named: sr0, sr1, sr2, ...
Hard drives are separated into partitions. e.g.:
hda1 (/dev/hda1), hda2 (/dev/hda2), etc,
for the partitions of the primary master hard disc.
On UNIX, each partition has its own directory.
Tools
fdisk: Interactive partitioning utility.
A new disk has no partition information.
The command fdisks your primary master:
fdisk /dev/hda
mkfs: Build a Linux file system on a device
(usually a hard disk partition).
fsck: File System Repair.